History Of Affirimitive Action essays

History Of Affirimitive Action essays Affirmative Action in the United States consists of the active efforts that take into account race, sex and national origin for the purpose of remedying and preventing discrimination. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal government requires certain businesses and educational institutions that receive federal funds to develop affirmative action programs. Such policies are enforced and monitored by both The Office of Federal Contract Compliance and The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (Lazear 37). The most noteworthy criticism of affirmative action is that of the white male population who insists that such programs are forms of "reverse discrimination". In contrast to their view, the United States Commission on Civil Rights argued until 1983 that only if society were operating fairly would measures that take race, sex, and national origin into account be "preferential treatment." After the commission on civil rights was reorganized in late 1983, however, it took the opposite position. By January of 1984, it approved a statement that "racial preferences merely constitute another form of unjustified discrimination". In recent years, however, affirmative action has continued to grow, and the number of controversies surrounding its existence is consistently augmented. In 1978, in University of California Regents v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court held (5-4) that fixed quotas may not be set for places for minority applicants for medical school if white applicants are denied a chance to compete for those places. The court, however, did say that professional schools may consider race as a factor in making decisions on admissions. More recently than the Regents decision, in United Steelworkers of America V. Weber (1979) and Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980), the court continued to hold for affirmative action. II. An Introduction to the Controversy The transformation of affirmative action o...

How to Get Your Finances On Track in 2017

How to Get Your Finances On Track in 2017 Feeling like there’s never enough money or time? Want to get healthy or plan for the future? Try these steps to take charge of your life and build some real progress in the new year, while lowering your taxes so you’ll have more of your hard-earned fruits to enjoy for all that labor. 1. Spend money to make moneyGetting professional help to lose weight or quit smoking can pay off in the long run. So can soliciting proper legal advice on contracts and finances. So can giving to charity. All of these things are often tax-deductible ways to make your money work for you- and help you to grow. Oh, and shell out for a tax pro to help you out come tax time, too.2. Get organizedTrack your travel miles, your donations, and your time, and keep a clear log in an easy-to-remember place for tax time. You’ll be glad you did. Remember to keep your receipts so you can itemize. As intensive as it sounds, it can be worth the effort.The next time you see anything that might be relev ant to end-of-year tax prep, start gathering it together in dedicated envelopes. That way you won’t be digging around for things at the 11th hour.3. Plan your financial planningLook at your stock portfolio and your retirement accounts (if you have ‘em!) and make sure you’ve got everything in order. Are you making all the smartest bets? And if you don’t have an IRA consider getting one; you’ll have until April 18Â  to fund it, and you can deduct it on your 2015 taxes.4. Optimize your givingWhether to charity or to yourself, giving will get you there faster and keep your tax bill down in the process. You can do your part and beef up your savings in the process.

Define the factors that affect patient wound healing Essay

Define the factors that affect patient wound healing - Essay Example This is a local factor within the patient’s environment that stems from poor surgical practice, and may lead to a delay in the healing of a wound (Baillie 2014, p. 78). Also, the extent of tissue damage may influence how fast or well a wound heals. If there are continuous problems within the tissue, it may take a longer period for a patient to heal. Secondly, there is the presence of vascular disorders. Examples include; arteriosclerosis and venous deficiency. The above could be classified under some of the local factors that affect the healing process of patients, which may not be within the patient’s control (Baranoski & Ayello 2008, p. 57). Age, which is among the systemic factors, may also impact the rate at which a patient heals from a wound. This is through a weakened expression of metalloproteinases. Furthermore, the kind of medication that a patient is exposed to may alter the rate at which he/she heals from a wound (Vincent 2011, p. 84). Some topically used medicine may affect the patient’s healing power, making the wound heal slower than it would have under other

Critical Thinking Week 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical Thinking Week 5 - Research Paper Example The downsizing was managed successfully in a way that job cuts were necessary and it was in the employee’s best interest to accept a buy out for their job. Events to handle the situation were what had to be done and managed in the best manner. The management leading up to the downsizing could have been handled better and prevented such a large loss. Challenges still remain in the auto industry in the sense that the auto industry has a lot of making up to do. Since filing bankruptcy, consumers and employees can no longer put their trust in the industry. The Force Field analysis website shows great tools that can be used to change initiative. The tool could be used in a change initiative at work for many different scenarios. The tool would be used during a strategic analysis project. A SWOT analysis could be performed and used as a tool to analyze whether or not there is more or less opposing forces for the change. The SWOT analysis will show strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. These different areas can show where there is the less resistance and the most intensity. This can be very beneficial to changing initiative in the work place and can apply to many

Associate Program Material Essay Example for Free

Associate Program Material Essay Answer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for all the sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? Diversity is often used to refer to many demographic variables like race, religion, color, gender, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, age, education, geographic origin, and skill characteristics. Diversity is valued, because it has given our country its own unique strengths and flexibilities. Without diversity, our world would be in way worse shape than it already is today. http://www.doi.gov/pmb/eeo/what-is-diversity.cfm 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? Ethnocentrism is where a specific ethnic group is brought to attention and centered on, usually being one’s own group. Ethnocentrism can be detrimental to a society, because it can lead to false opinions about the differences with cultures which then can often lead to falsified communication between the majority human beings. http://home.snu.edu/~hculbert/ethno.htm 3. Define emigration and immigration. Emigration is defined as migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in Order to settle in another). Immigration is defined as migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there). The two definitions are similar to one another. wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn 4. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? Groups of people are identified in many different ways. They can be identified by all of the following: race, religion, color, gender, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, age, education, geographic origin, and skill characteristics. Although I’m sure that there are many more categories that people identify others under, there are the most common ones. 5. Why do people label and group other people? People label and group other people for numerous reasons. Some people label and group others, because they don’t want to accept the fact that they are different. Maybe they just don’t understand them or want to understand them. Others label and group to make them feel better about their own selves, because they are lacking self-confidence. 6. Define culture. Is culture limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds? Explain. Culture is defined as the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc. Another definition of culture is the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. No, culture is not just limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds. As it was mentioned in the definition above, culture is pertaining to social, ethnic, and age group, along with race as well. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/culture?s=t

Lee, Robert E. (Edward) 1807 -- 1870 Essay -- Essays Papers

Lee, Robert E. (Edward) 1807 -- 1870 General in chief of the Confederate armies in the American Civil War. Born in Virginia's Westmoreland County on January 19, 1807, the third son of Henry ("Light Horse Harry") and Ann Hill Carter Lee. Declining fortunes forced the family's removal to Alexandria, where Robert distinguished himself in local schools. His father's death in 1811 increased responsibilities on all the sons; Robert, especially, cared for his invalid mother. Lee graduated number two in his class from the U.S. Military Academy in 1829. Commissioned a brevet lieutenant of engineers, he spent a few years at Fort Pulaski, Georgia, and Fort Monroe, Virginia. At Fort Monroe on June 30, 1831, he married Mary Ann Randolph Custis, with whom he had seven children. Lee worked in the chief engineer's office in Washington, D.C., from 1834 to 1837. He was transferred to Fort Hamilton, New York, where he remained until 1846. In August 1846 Lee joined General John E. Wool's army in Texas. In the battle of Buena Vista, Lee's boldness drew his superiors' attention. Transferred to General Winfield Scott's Veracruz expedition, in the battle at Veracruz and in the advance on Mexico he won additional acclaim. Following American occupation of the Mexican capital, he worked on maps for possible future campaigns. Already a captain in the regular service, he was made brevet colonel for his gallantry in the war. Lee returned to engineer duty at Baltimore's Fort Carroll until 1852, when he reluctantly became superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point. In 1855 he was made lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Cavalry, one of the Army's elite units. The years 1857-1859 were bleak. Lee had to take several furloughs to deal with family business and seriously thought of resigning his commission. However, in 1859 he and his men successfully put down John Brown's insurrection at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. In 1860 he became commander of the Department of Texas. Talk of secession in the South grew strident during Lee's Texas sojourn. No secessionist, he was loyal to the Union and the U.S. Army; yet he had no doubts about his loyalties if Virginia departed the Union. Ties of blood bound him to the South. Lee accepted a commission as colonel of the 1st U.S. Cavalry in March 1861. But offered command of the entire U.S. Army a month later, he hesitated. If he accepted... ...in chief of all Confederate armies in February 1865, could give only general direction to lingering disaster. Sherman marched upward through the Carolinas, threatening Petersburg. Lee failed to split Grant's front. On April 2, Grant's attack snapped Lee's lines; the Confederates began evacuating Petersburg and Richmond. Lee was compelled to surrender his shadow force of no more than 9,000 soldiers at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. Arlington, the Custis family seat, was gone now; the Lees had no real home. They remained in Richmond, well treated by the Federals. In September Lee accepted the presidency of Washington College, in Lexington, Virginia, where he remained until his death. Devoted to education and to resurrecting the South, Lee became a symbol of reunification. He refused to abandon his distressed country, hoped for Southern reassimilation, and set a lofty example. Without bitterness, he obeyed the law and counseled all Southerners to do the same. Indicted for treason, he never stood trial; and although never granted a pardon, he lived in comfort and in great honor. In September 1870 he was stricken, probably with an acute attack of angina, and died on October 12.

Assess the Impact of European Commecial Activities in the Atlantic Island and West Africa from 1415-1600

Assess the Impact of European commercial activities in the Atlantic Islands and West Africa from 1415 to 1600. When one queries the assessment of the European commercial activities and its impact in the Atlantic Islands and West Africa between the years 1415 and 1600, trickery, social violence, intrusion and the horrors of slavery comes to mind. There were many negative impacts such as population loss, loss of self worth and loyalty, the Europeans involved caused the demise of the European cloth industry. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to set foot in this area in the fifteenth century. During the history of Portugal (1415-1542), Portugal discovered an eastern route to India that rounded the Cape of Good Hope, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia and they colonized selected areas of Africa. It was the genius of Prince Henry the Navigator(1) that coordinated all these quests of expansion. Prince Henry placed at the disposal of his captains a plethora of resources, of which he was the head, and the best information and most accurate instruments and maps that could be obtained. He sought to meet with the infamous Christian Empire of â€Å"Prester John†(2) by way of the â€Å"Western Nile† (the Senegal River), and, in alliance with that to crush the Turks and liberate the Holy Land. Slavery was practiced in Africa before the beginning of the European slave trade. Slavery and the slave trade were an integral part of African societies and the Arab world was supplied with African slaves for centuries before the arrival of the Europeans. The African slave trade provided a large number of slaves to Europeans and their African agents. Initially, the Portuguese started trading in copper, brass, European cloth, etc in exchange for gold, which was in high demand in Europe. Above all things, the most impact full commercial activity of all was the European Slave Trade and its economic and social effects it had on West Africa and the Atlantic Island. The Atlantic Islands which were involved with the European commercial activities were: The Azores, Madeira, Sao Tome & Principle, Cape Verde, and Goree Islands. The African countries that were involved in the Portuguese trade were the coast of the Congo, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Liberia, Angola and Morocco. In order to assess the impact or extent to which West African and the Atlantic societies were affected by the European commercial activities, one must certainly look into the number of slaves that were either traded or raided from their homelands. Population loss is certainly a focal point when assessing the impact of the European Commercial activity. According to Walter Rodney in ‘How Europe Underdeveloped Africa’ he states that â€Å"One of the uncertainties concerns the basic question of how many Africans were imported. This has long been an object of speculation, with estimates ranging from a few millions to over one hundred million. A recent study has suggested a figure of about ten million Africans landed alive in the Americas, the Atlantic islands and Europe. † The actual number of slaves is certainly a very difficult figure to ascertain. However there is no doubt that it was an absolutely staggering number of natives that were taken from their homelands, sold and enslaved. Population loss is a very serious loss when it comes to the development of a people. The economy and the social fabric of the people are utterly destroyed, leaving Africans in a state of chaos. The impact of the population loss as it relates to commercial activity is so severe that at present more than a bicentenary Western Africa is still in shambles, with an economy barely able to stand. It was even more difficult during the years of the slave trade for West Africans to replenish their population simply because when trading the adult males were high in demand in opposed to that of the females, thus leaving the remaining ratio of men to women in West Africa in trouble. John Thornton, in his book ‘Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World’ says that ‘In addition to the net demographic drain, which began early in some areas (like Angola), the loss of adult males had potentially damaging impacts on sex ratios, dependency rates, and perhaps the sexual division of labor†. This goes to show the gravity of impact the population loss had or still has on West Africa. In Walter Rodney’s ‘How Europe Underdeveloped Africa’ he states that â€Å"The massive loss to the African labour force was made more critical because it was composed of able-bodied young men and young women. Slave buyers preferred their victims between the ages of 15 and 35, and preferably in the early twenties; the sex ratio being about two men to one woman. † The people, or lack thereof, of West Africa found it very difficult to replenish the population, not to mention the interruption of the family structure in his part of Africa. Like most cultures, in African culture the men are the head of the household and were the chiefs of the various villages. In the absence of these men, many women found it very difficult to survive having lived as housewives and depending on men as the bread winners of the household. As a result, thre was social chaos in the Western par t of Africa. Social Upheaval and Low Self Worth was another one of the major impacts of the European commercial activities on West Africa. As a result of the slave trade through raids and trade, there is no doubt concerning the social ills that plagued Western Africa. Many Africans were betrayed by their own political leaders who sold their African people to Europeans for items such as guns, horses and cowrie shells(3). As a result of this vicious betrayal there was social upheaval and chaos. Raids occurred and many villages were uprooted. Walter Rodney mentioned in his book How Europe Underdeveloped Africa that â€Å"The opportunity presented by European slave dealers became the major (though not the only) stimulus for a great deal of social violence between different African communities and within any given community. It took the form more of raiding and kidnapping than of regular warfare, and that fact increased the element of fear and uncertainty. † West African people tried to protect themselves and tried to fight back against the Europeans as they were all very unwilling to participate in the Slave Trade. This slave trade caused social disruption and increased inequality and intensified exploitation. In James Duffy â€Å"Portugal In Africa† he says that â€Å"On the Gold Coast Portuguese traders could not move with the freedom and security through the interior. They were obliged to use whatever force or methods of terror they had at their disposal, and when this failed they relied on intrigue and bribery†. The moral fabric and self worth of Africans were also tremendously damaged as a result of European influence. Lives were destroyed, and whole ethnic groups wiped out.. African Pride years and materialism was born into the African mentality and thought process. The African man, who was once concerned with skill, prowess, strength and knowledge had changed to intense materialism. African chiefs sold their own people for simple items such as cheap gin, gunpowder, pots and beads. These items were not coveted and demanded by the African chiefs and they continued to sell their people for their selfish gains. This created mistrust and bitterness between the African villagers and their leaders, thus causing internal conflict amongst West African societies. European commercial activities caused a stand still in technology and as a result in the economy of Western Africa. During the European Slave Trade there began a demand for cloth in Africa. There became a strong dependency on Europe in Africa. There was cloth made in Africa when the European Slave Trade began and there were also imports from Europe and Asia. Soon Europe and Asia were copying African cloth designs and materials and they were imported into Africa creating stiff competition with the local producers. European cloth was then imported in bulk thus having more supply and at cheaper rates. The local cloth industry was certainly in trouble. Europeans produced cloth on a large scale by using energy from wind, water and coal. Thus the local cloth manufacturers were forced to end their work leaving African cloth producing industry at a stand still and it eventually was shut down. In Walter Rodney’s book on â€Å"How Europe Underdeveloped Africa† he says that Therefore, there was what can be called ‘technological arrest’ or stagnation, and in some instances actual regression, since people forgot even the simple technique of their forefathers. The abandonment of traditional iron smelting in most parts of Africa is probably the most important instance of technological regression. European activity crippled the industrial life of many West African countries and caused West Africa to become completely dependant on Europe. The European Commercial activities did very little if any to contribute to the development of Western Africa. In fact the development of West Africa was retarded and was undoubtedly damaged and destroyed in many ways. Europeans did not just uproot the West Africans physically by ways of loss of population and death but socially because their pride was broken, they were said to be useless and inferior to the Europeans. Initially, the Europeans never set out to create suck havoc in Western Africa but within their exploration it turned out to be nothing but exploitation of the African people. There is no hiding the number of slaves that were taken form Western Africa and took to various islands to work and to be enslaved. Families were shattered, populations depleted and lives scattered for economic gain. Fear and inferiority was also driven into the hearts and minds of Africans. From the raiding Africans were left in a state of chaos and fear for their families and the estruction of homes and entire villages. There was bloodshed, deaths and killings as a result of these many raids that the Europeans carried out. It was through trickery and bribery that many of the trading occurred. Europeans brought useless items to the chiefs in the West Africa for them to trade for their own people. This bred mistrust and betrayal in the hearts of African people. Chiefs became materialistic and selfish and became very interested in riches and gain that they forgot their people. European commercial activities caused the African cloth industry to come to an end by their mass producing and heavy and stiff competition for the Africans. The cloth made Europeans, which copied African styles was created in bulk and was much cheaper thus running the African cloth makers out of business. In essence, the impact of the European commercial activities was very severe and hindered the development of Western Africa and its people it changed the mindset of the African man and crushed a thriving civilization and culture.

Importance of Criminal Justice Administration

Class: Criminal Justice Administration Date: 9/10/2012 Importance of Criminal Justice Administration The role of a Criminal Justice Administrator is to manage a criminal justice system. She/ He direct the administration of the day-to-day operations, participates in administrative decision making, enforce policies and procedures, and sets work flow priorities. Criminal justice administrators also oversee agencies’ budget, policies and program requirements. Each public agency, according to its primary function, has a support team.The criminal justice administrator is in charge of supervising all agency staff; which can include lawyers, judicial clerks, secretaries, investigators and line officers. He/ She review and approve their reports, as it is his responsibility to make sure all information is accurate and prepared in accordance with established policy and procedure. The United States criminal justice system is a system that acts to enforce the criminal laws of the country. In the United States, the criminal justice system is divided in three categories: federal, state and military.In addition to these three categories, each state has separate divisions that deal with adult and juvenile cases. Each of these systems is comprised of three major components. The first component of the criminal justice system and perhaps the most important and dangerous is law enforcement. This includes the local police department with all of its police officers and detectives. These people head the criminal justice system because they are the ones responsible for finding and capturing individuals who break the laws set forth by the state, federal government or the military.The second component is the court; the court system includes prosecution and defense lawyers, judges and juries. These individuals make sure offenders are given fair trails. Judges, also known as finders of facts, hear the cases and preside over the participants to make sure that all laws are followed wh ile the cases are being tried. Some cases are tried in front of a judge only, while others have a jury of 12 citizens who determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant based on facts brought forth during a trial.The last but not least is corrections. The correction system, which is tightly intertwined with the previous two components, is very important and quite large. The correction individuals ensure that a defendant’s punishment and all of its stipulations are carried out. Like any organization, state and local criminal justice agencies must deal with issues of organizational management and employ the management styles that best allow them to achieve their objectives of crime prevention, adjudication of criminal offenses, and punishment of offenders.In today’s world we have developed different styles of management that could apply to law enforcement agencies, criminal courts, and correctional facilities and departments. In my opinion managers are more important th an supervisor because they have more responsibilities under their shoulders. Systems management requires a complete approach to organizational leadership, which involves not only management of personnel, but also of organizational knowledge. A systems approach to management recognizes the complexity of modern organizational processes.In this perspective, organizations function based on the information and data that employees can access. A successful agency must properly manage all of these elements. Features of systems management include specialization within components of a large system and coordination among different components. System management could serve criminal justice agencies well, and some organizations exhibit elements of this approach. For example, many large law enforcement organizations have specialized divisions, such as homicide, gang enforcement, vice, and others, but with cooperation among these different units.In general Criminal Justice Administration it is imp ortant because in order for law enforcement agencies to work properly a Criminal Justice Administrator needs to be in charge. Law enforcement agencies and organizations devoted to research in the field of criminal justice administration sometimes need professional researchers to perform ongoing work. Examples might include research into the most effective ways to run criminal justice agencies and how budgets impact the administration of criminal justice.Administrators may have tasks that can include mathematical models and other methods in order to assess policies so those in the administrative side can make informed decisions. I personally believe that Criminal Justice Administration is not failing it just have its ups and downs. We have to keep in mind that in order for a criminal justice administrator to be successful he/she has to have a good working idea of the legal system and the role they play in it.

Sustainable Development And Global Business Example

Sustainable Development And Global Business Example Sustainable Development And Global Business – Coursework Example Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Over the recent past, the has been the need for environmental management as aresult of pollution. Therefore, many companies from all over the world have implemented strategies that have allowed them to work hand-in-hand with communities in a bid to mitigate environmental pollution from their businesses processes. Subsequently, specific action plans have been directed towards safeguarding and protecting the welfare of their employees. This is what is referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR). One of the companies that have championed CSR is the Coca Cola company. It is worth noting that CSR promotes sustainable development. The Coca Cola company has implemented strategies to ensure sustainable development. Sustainable development denotes the fact that all business activities are conducted devoid of diminution and exhaustion of natural resources (Pennington 121). According to Grillo, "The Coca Cola company sets global goals and requirem ents in a number of areas, including water stewardship, sustainable packaging, marketing to children, and work rights, and it works with bottlers to implement these standards" (5). Sustainable packaging means that the company has employed the use of recyclable bottles and this helps reduce operation costs that could have been incurred through manufacturing new bottles (Pennington 121). The company also ensures CSR through manufacturing products with low quantities of calories to reduce weight problems among consumers. This improves its image and reputation hence expanding its customer base, and this results to more profits. Through marketing to children, the company has been able to increase their sales tremendously as children are among the biggest consumers (Pennington 121). In a nutshell, examples of profits the company has generated from corporate social responsibility and sustainable development include reduced operating costs, and high profits from sales. Works citedGrillo, B ethan. Exploring the Links Between International Business and Poverty Reduction. Oxford: Oxfam, n.d. Print. Pennington, Steuart, ed. Africa the Good News. New York: Conceptualee Publishing, 2008. Print.

A Sociological Understanding of Moral Panic

A Sociological Understanding of Moral Panic A moral panic is a widespread fear, most often an irrational one, that someone or something is a threat to the values, safety, and interests of a community or society at large. Typically, a moral panic is perpetuated by the news media, fueled by politicians, and often results in the passage of new laws or policies that target the source of the panic. In this way, moral panic can foster increased social control. Moral panics are often centered around people who are marginalized in society due to their race or ethnicity, class, sexuality, nationality, or religion. As such, a moral panic often draws on known stereotypes and reinforces them. It can also exacerbate the real and perceived differences and divisions between groups of people. Moral panic is well known in the sociology of deviance and crime and is related to the labeling theory of deviance. Stanley Cohens Theory of Moral Panics The phrase moral panic and the development of the sociological concept is credited to the late South African sociologist Stanley Cohen (1942–2013). Cohen introduced the social theory of moral panic in his 1972 book titled Folk Devils and Moral Panics. In the book, Cohen describes how the British public reacted to the rivalry between the mod and rocker youth subcultures of the 1960s and 70s. Through his study of these youth and the media and public reaction to them, Cohen developed a theory of moral panic that outlines five stages of the process. The Five Stages and Key Players of Moral Panics First, something or someone is perceived and defined as a threat to social norms and the interests of the community or society at large. Second, the news media and community members depict the threat in simplistic, symbolic ways that quickly become recognizable to the greater public. Third, widespread public concern is aroused by the way news media portrays the symbolic representation of the threat. Fourth, the authorities and policymakers respond to the threat, be it real or perceived, with new laws or policies. In the final stage, the moral panic and the subsequent actions of those in power lead to social change in the community. Cohen suggested that there are five key sets of actors involved in the process of moral panic. They are the threat that incites the moral panic, which Cohen referred to as folk devils, and the enforcers of rules or laws, like institutional authority figures, police, or armed forces. The news media plays its role by breaking the news about the threat and continuing to report on it, thereby setting the agenda for how it is discussed and attaching visual symbolic images to it. Enter politicians, who respond to the threat and sometimes fan the flames of the panic, and the public, which develops a focused concern about the threat and demands action in response to it. The Beneficiaries of Social Outrage Many sociologists have observed that those in power ultimately benefit from moral panics, since they lead to increased control of the population and the reinforcement of the authority of those in charge. Others have commented that moral panics offer a mutually beneficial relationship between news media and the state. For the media, reporting on threats that become moral panics increases viewership and makes money for news organizations. For the state, the creation of a moral panic can give it cause to enact legislation and laws that would seem illegitimate without the perceived threat at the center of the moral panic. Examples of Moral Panics There have been many moral panics throughout history, some quite notable.  The Salem witch trials, which took place throughout colonial Massachusetts in 1692, are an oft-mentioned example of this phenomenon. Women who were social outcasts faced accusations of witchcraft after local girls were afflicted with unexplained fits. Following the initial arrests, accusations spread to other women in the community who expressed doubt about the claims or who responded to them in ways deemed improper or inappropriate. This particular moral panic served to reinforce and strengthen the social authority of local religious leaders, since witchcraft was perceived to be a threat to Christian values, laws, and order. More recently, some sociologists have framed the War on Drugs of the 1980s and 90s as an outcome of moral panic. News media attention to drug use, particularly use of crack cocaine among the urban black underclass, focused public attention on drug use and its relationship to delinquency and crime. The public concern generated through news reporting on this topic, including a feature in which then-First Lady Nancy Reagan participated in a drug raid, shored up voter support for drug laws that penalized the poor and working classes while ignoring drug use among the middle and upper classes. Many sociologists attribute the policies, laws, and sentencing guidelines connected to the War on Drugs with increased policing of poor urban neighborhoods and incarceration rates of residents of those communities. Additional moral panics include public attention to welfare queens, the notion that poor black women are abusing the social services system while enjoying lives of luxury. In reality, welfare fraud is not very common, and no one racial group is more likely to commit it. There is also moral panic around a so-called gay agenda that threatens the American way of life when members of the LGBTQ community simply want equal rights. Lastly, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Islamophobia, surveillance laws, and racial and religious profiling grew from the fear that all Muslims, Arabs, or brown people overall are dangerous because the terrorists who targeted the World Trade Center and the Pentagon had that background. In fact, many acts of domestic terrorism have been committed by non-Muslims. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Enterprie Architecture (Enterprise 2.0 memo) Essay

Enterprie Architecture (Enterprise 2.0 memo) - Essay Example That means the collective intelligence will help employees find information and reach solutions in a much easier way. Secondly, it ensures effective flow of information which results in satisfactory decisions in a compliant manner. On the one hand, the opinion of customers and other stakeholders is available and on the other, the need for compliance is analyzed by availing the necessary information. That means, the decisions taken will be compliant with the rules and regulations and, at the same time, free from skepticism from various stakeholders. In fact, proper communication with stakeholders in the financial sector helps improve company image. As the information regarding various decisions and transactions remain transparent to the stakeholders, they feel increased participation in the decision-making process. As the stakeholders get a chance to express their opinion about various decisions, Enterprise 2.0 becomes the most effective way of communication with stakeholders. Moreover, as each stakeholder gets a chance to know the opinion of many other stakeholders, the company executives will save a lot of time which they usually spend detailing the plans to each and every stakeholder. Also, the ratings provided by the existing consumers will encourage new potential investors as the opinion of the existing consumers is the most influencing factor. Yet another important point is the need to recruit and train new Gen Y people. It seems that the new recruits will be more inclined towards gathering information from electronic sources rather than printed ones. That means, the company needs to develop such an image where information flow is electronic, transparent, accessible and user-friendly. Such an image will help recruit new people, and once selected, the new recruits will find it easy to get access to information and solution as they remain in touch with peers, policy

SLP 4 Electronic and Mobile Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP 4 Electronic and Mobile Commerce - Essay Example The use of traditional chains of distribution has declined with rise of online retail industry. Manufacturers sell their spare parts, and off shelf industrial products through the online channels. However the major goods sold by industries through online channels as their primary sales channels. Companies have to show different prices, build to order option, enable live charts with engineers in case of configuration problems and accept purchase orders and bill to the corporate account. Interconnection of global digital platform has led to astonishing change in the entertainment, media and publishing industry. From books and printed papers, music on CDs, movies rented on DVD and TVs network that forced people to be in front of screen at particular times have changed into always on, easy to time –shift and always with you entertainment, movies, e-books, and music. Revenue is generated through outright purchase e.g. music or purchase of movie theater ticket (Mennecke & Strader, 2002). Second is often subscription e.g. cable TV fees. Next is through advertising fees. Companies pay a lot of money for global advertisement of their business. For example in 2013 global advertising media revenue were estimated to be $489.6 billion. Consumers go to a variety of online and offline services to help them make decision in car buying since most of industries fail to satisfy their needs. The buying process can be simpler and quicker if content on the auto industry in the website is customized to be more relevant to their specific car preferences. This can be achieved through innovation on web chats and mobile enabled websites (Xu & Quaddus, 2010). To reach to more customers the manufacturers and dealer sites should integrate and put in place easier and clearer pricing. Also the company should offer after sale services e.g. maintenance. Growth of internet has led to development of online and mobile banking. This has grown across deep and wide demographic