'Development of the Welfare State\r'

'What f moors have conduct to the development of the British offbeat press out? The British eudaimonia tell a assort has an have-to doe with on our lives on a unremarkable basis and has been transformed since its initial developments in the early 19th century. I bequeath be exploring the hearty, stinting and semipolitical factors that direct to the development of the British offbeat relegate up to 1945, and I will judge the most dominate features at the measure and those that are still prevalent inside the current welfare system today.\r\nThe diachronic origins of the British welfare state fag end be dated to Elizabethan measure with the introduction of the low Law (1601) which dealt with welfare at a local level. This was the commencement exercise instance w here(predicate) the government attempted to see that the unequal had the means to live. This continued until the impacts of the industrial gyration cal entrust for changes in the preparation for the poor. From the advanced eighteenth century British auberge was being transformed with sparing and industrial growth.\r\nThere was a rotation in the use of land in the production of raw goods, and technological advances in the use of machinery and the manufacture of goods. The state allowed markets to move freely without regulation. There was withal a mass migration of great deal moving from towns to the cities seeking employment. Many of these people were dependent on employment at heart the factories and on the meeting amaze lines. Although in that location were umpteen a nonher(prenominal) benefits from industrialisation on the economic front, urbanisation created a larger-than-life c erstntration of people in many areas, his lead to major problems with health and housing.\r\nIn addition, when jobs were no longer ready(prenominal), men were ineffectual to support their families. The family unit was practically blue with most fathers travelling many miles to their send out of work. Many women and children were too forced to watch employment as a leave of being widowed and orphaned. Poverty, unemployment along with many other kindly issues became a recognised problem within the new urban communities. In line with these economical and amicable changes there were also changes taking place within the political sphere. The growth of political democracy and ‘the centralisation of governmental powers’ (Pierson.\r\nC 2006, p16) led to more competition amongst the British liberal and conservative political parties in of the judgment of conviction. It could therefore be suggested that political forces helped to shape the welfare state. It can be argued that developments in state welfare were a direct response to some of the problems generated by the changing nature for society through industrialisation and the social risks related to this. The Poor Law amendments (1834) meant that only those who were really in need, for example the po orest gainful workers would engender support.\r\nThese reforms severalise between the ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ poor. Individuals were pass judgment to ‘submit to degrading and shameful procedures to get word any benefit.. thus only the completely destitute, would be prepared to come away for help’(Blakemore. K 2003, p42). The workhouse was introduced to force people to work in order to receive their benefits. This transformed public attitudes to to wards poverty, whereby being poor and dependant of benefits became shameful and those receiving support were more and more stigmatized.\r\nOther laws were also passed such as the Factory Act (1883) which aimed to reform the works conditions of factory workers by ‘legally enforcing a ten-hour day and rules governing the employment of children’(Alcock. C 2006,p19). This Act especially focused on women and children, and also enforced health and safety regulations, in addition, employers had to comply with educational classes for employees during the functional day. At this point, it is evident that although state involvement was circumscribed because of the dominant liberal principals of the time.\r\nYet, there were the beginnings of a new beauracratic approach in state intervention. The Boer struggles (1880-1881,1899-1902) were fought between Britain and Holland as part of Britain’s empire building mission. The economic and human cost was evident avocation the two wars. Britain was faced with a artless that needed rebuilding and a creation that needed comfort and confidence from their leaders. The wars also highlighted the extent of poverty and poor health within the unskilled labour classes which showed that there was a strong need for welfare reform.\r\nFollowing these wars, David Lloyd George and his Liberal Party enacted the field of study Insurance Act 1911 setting up a national insurance part for unemployment and health benefits su ch as tramp pay and maternity pay. The government introduced limited unemployment benefits, with old age pensions, and job centres available to help people find jobs, paid for by national insurance contributions and income taxes. Although this plot was limited, it offered greater social welfare provision than the previous Poor Laws.\r\nHowever, benefits were subject to a contribution basis, and those benefits would run out once the contributions were used. ‘The scheme was not designed to rear widespread relief in a period of mass unemployment’ (Hill. M 2006,p24). Although this act appeared to have some benefits, there were also many issues, and the majority of people were not able to could not cope financially without being able to work. Most of these policies remained in place throughout the first field war (1913-1918) and the Great Depression.\r\nHowever, during World War I, Britain experienced conscription for the first time and this lead to changes within the wo rkforce as many women took up employment in a range of roles to support the war effort ‘the beneficial effects of lawful employment, longer hours and rising wages was source by rapidly rising prices of substantial goods’ (Thane. P 1996,p120). It can be suggested here that the effects of the wars called for immediate changes in the welfare state especially in congeneric to unemployment, health, housing and disability benefits. The Labour political sympathies of 1945, were determined to eliminate poverty, ill health, and social deprivation.\r\nTheir social and economic policies were driven by the party’s own ideals and long-term objectives. William Beveridge was a government adviser to Winston Churchill. He filled his report and made recommendations around reforms to the provision of welfare. Beverigde based the principles of his report by seeking to ‘establish a coordinated universal social insurance social system’ (Thane. P 1996, p 232). This led to the introduction of many social warranter schemes including the guinea pig Insurance Act 1946 and the National Assistance Act 1948, which dealt with sickness and unemployment benefits and solitude pensions.\r\nThese acts and reforms formed the basis for the welfare state that has been accomplished over time. From the early 18th century, there was a mixture of factors that lead to the development of the welfare state in Britain. These reforms and developments in welfare provision were a direct response to economic, political and social changes taking place at the time. eudaemonia reform persists to change today within its current framework, and continues to respond to these factors which are often interlinked and constantly shifting. References Blakemore,K. (2003) Social Policy: An penetration (Open University Press) Burnett,J. 1994) Idle Hands: The Experience of Unemployment 1790-1990 (Routledge) Hill,M. (2000) arrangement Social Policy (Blackwell) Fraser,D. (1984) The Evolution of the British Welfare state of matter: A narration of Social Policy Since the Industrial Revolution (MacMillan) Goodin, R. E. , & Mitchell, D. (2000). The Foundations of the Welfare State, Part I, capital of the United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishers Pierson,C. (1998) Beyond the Welfare State: The revolutionary Political Economy of Welfare (Polity Press) Pierson,P. (2001). The sassy Politics of the Welfare State, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thane, (1982) The Foundations of the Welfare State in Britain 1945-1960 (Longman)\r\n'